Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino ya zomatira ...
1. Njira yochiritsira yokhazikika ya gawo limodzi yogwira ntchito
Zomatira zodziwika bwino za elastic zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi zimaphatikizapo: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), silyl-terminated modified polyurethane (SPU), silyl-terminated polyether (MS), Prepolymer ili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.
1.1Njira yophikira silicone elastomer sealant
Chithunzi 1. Njira yophikira silicone sealant
Pamene silicone sealants imagwiritsidwa ntchito, prepolymer imachitapo kanthu ndi chinyezi chochepa mumlengalenga kenako imauma kapena kuuma pansi pa mphamvu ya catalyst. Zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina ndi zinthu zazing'ono zamamolekyu. Njirayi ikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1. Malinga ndi zinthu zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana zamamolekyu zomwe zimatulutsidwa panthawi yokonza, silicone sealant imatha kugawidwanso m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa deacidification, mtundu wa deketoxime, ndi mtundu wa dealcoholization. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu iyi ya silicone glue zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1.
Gome 1. Kuyerekeza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu ingapo ya zomatira za silicone
1.2 Njira yophikira ya polyurethane elastic sealant
Chosindikizira cha polyurethane (PU) chokhala ndi gawo limodzi ndi mtundu wa polima wokhala ndi magawo obwerezabwereza a urethane (-NHCOO-) mu unyolo waukulu wa molekyulu. Njira yochiritsira ndi yakuti isocyanate imachita ndi madzi ndikupanga carbamate yosakhazikika, yomwe kenako imawola mwachangu kuti ipange CO2 ndi amine, kenako amine imachita ndi isocyanate yochulukirapo mu dongosolo, ndipo pamapeto pake imapanga elastomer yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka netiweki. Fomula yake yochiritsira ndi iyi:
Chithunzi 1. Njira yochiritsira ya polyurethane sealant
1.3 Njira yochiritsira ya silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Chithunzi 3. Njira yochiritsira ya silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Poganizira zofooka zina za polyurethane sealants, polyurethane yasinthidwa posachedwapa ndi silane kuti ikonze zomatira, ndikupanga mtundu watsopano wa zomatira zomatira zokhala ndi unyolo waukulu wa polyurethane structure ndi gulu la alkoxysilane end, lotchedwa silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Kuchiritsa kwa mtundu uwu wa zomatira kumafanana ndi kwa silicone, ndiko kuti, magulu a alkoxy amachita ndi chinyezi kuti adutse hydrolysis ndi polycondensation kuti apange stable Si-O-Si three-dimensional network structure (Chithunzi 3). Malo olumikizirana a netiweki ndi pakati pa malo olumikizirana pali mapangidwe osinthasintha a polyurethane segment.
1.4 Njira yophikira ya zomatira za polyether zotsekedwa ndi silyl
Silyl-terminated polyether sealant (MS) ndi guluu wopangidwa ndi silyl-terminated elastic womwe umachokera ku silane modification. Umaphatikiza ubwino wa polyurethane ndi silicone, ndi mbadwo watsopano wa zinthu zomatira zomatira, zopanda PVC, mafuta a silicone, isocyanate ndi solvent. Guluu wa MS umakhudzana ndi chinyezi chomwe chili mumlengalenga kutentha kwa chipinda, kotero kuti polima womatira wokhala ndi kapangidwe ka -Si(OR) KAPENA -SIR (OR)- umathiridwa ndi hydrolyze kumapeto kwa unyolo ndikulumikizidwa mu elastomer yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka netiweki ka Si-O-Si kuti akwaniritse kutseka ndi kugwirizanitsa. Njira yochiritsira ndi iyi:
Chithunzi 4. Njira yochiritsira ya silyl-terminated polyether sealant
2. Kuyerekeza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zomatira zolumikizira zolumikizira zolumikizana zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi
2.1 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zomatira za silicone
⑴Ubwino wa silicone sealant:
① Kukana bwino nyengo, kukana mpweya, kukana ozoni ndi kukana ultraviolet; ② Kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa kutentha kochepa.
⑵Zoyipa za silicone sealant:
①Kukongoletsa koipa ndipo sikungathe kupakidwa utoto; ②Kulimba pang'ono kwa kung'ambika; ③Kusagwira mafuta mokwanira; ④Kusabowoka; ⑤Gawo lomatira limapanga mosavuta mafuta otayira omwe amadetsa konkire, miyala ndi zinthu zina zotayirira.
2.2 Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Zomatira za Polyurethane
⑴Ubwino wa polyurethane sealant:
① Kumamatira bwino ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu; ② Kusinthasintha kwabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa; ③ Kutanuka kwabwino komanso mphamvu zabwino zobwezeretsa, zoyenera kulumikizana kwamphamvu; ④ Mphamvu yayikulu yamakina, kukana kuvala bwino, kukana mafuta komanso kukana ukalamba wachilengedwe; ⑤ Zinthu zambiri zomatira za polyurethane zomwe zimachiritsa chinyezi sizimasungunuka ndipo sizimawononga zinthuzo komanso chilengedwe; ⑥ Pamwamba pa chinthu chomatiracho chimatha kupakidwa utoto komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta.
⑵Zoyipa za polyurethane sealant:
① Pothira madzi pamalo otentha kwambiri komanso onyowa kwambiri pa liwiro lofulumira, thovu limapangidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a sealant; ② Pothira ndi kutseka zigawo za zinthu zopanda mabowo (monga galasi, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero), nthawi zambiri pamafunika choyambira; ③ Chosaya Mtundu wa chinthucho umatha kukalamba chifukwa cha UV, ndipo kukhazikika kwa guluu kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma CD ndi zinthu zakunja; ④ Kukana kutentha ndi kukana kukalamba sikokwanira.
2.3 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zomatira za polyurethane zosinthidwa ndi silane
⑴Ubwino wa silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Kuthira sikupanga thovu; ② Kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukana hydrolysis ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala; ③ Kukana nyengo bwino, kukana kutentha, kukana ukalamba, kukhazikika kwa kusungira zinthu; ④ Kusinthasintha kwakukulu ku zinthu zomangira, zikamangiriridwa Kawirikawiri, palibe primer yofunikira; ⑤Pamwamba pake pakhoza kupakidwa utoto.
⑵Zoyipa za silane modified polyurethane sealant:
① Kukana kwa UV sikwabwino ngati kwa silicone sealant; ② Kukana kwa kung'ambika ndi koipa pang'ono kuposa kwa polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zotsekera za polyether zotsekedwa ndi silyl
⑴Ubwino wa silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zomangira zinthu zambiri ndipo imatha kupangitsa kuti isamavutike ndi kutentha; ② Imalimbana bwino ndi kutentha komanso kukalamba kwa UV kuposa polyurethane wamba; ③ Itha kupakidwa utoto pamwamba pake.
⑵Zoyipa za silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Kukana kwa nyengo sikwabwino ngati kwa silicone silicone, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera pamwamba ikakalamba; ② Kumamatira ku galasi ndi kofooka.
Kudzera mu mawu oyamba omwe ali pamwambapa, tili ndi kumvetsetsa koyambirira kwa njira zochiritsira za mitundu ingapo yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya zomatira zosinthika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo poyerekeza zabwino ndi zoyipa zake, titha kumvetsetsa bwino chinthu chilichonse. Muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zenizeni, chomatira chingasankhidwe malinga ndi momwe gawo lomatirira limagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti chitsekere kapena chigwirizane bwino ndi gawo lomatirira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-15-2023