Pakali pano, pali mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino ya zosindikizira zotanuka zokhala ndi gawo limodzi pamsika, makamaka silicone ndi polyurethane sealant.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosindikizira zotanuka zimakhala ndi zosiyana m'magulu awo ogwira ntchito komanso zida zazikulu zochiritsidwa.Zotsatira zake, pali zocheperapo kapena zochepera m'magawo ake ndi magawo ake.Apa, tikuwonetsa njira zochiritsira za zosindikizira zingapo zodziwika bwino za gawo limodzi lokhazikika ndikuyerekeza zabwino ndi zoyipa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotanuka, kuti timvetsetse bwino ndikusankha zoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito.
1. Wamba gawo limodzi zotakasuka zotanuka sealant kuchiritsa limagwirira
Zosindikizira zotanuka zamtundu umodzi zimaphatikizanso: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), silyl-terminated modified polyurethane (SPU), silyl-terminated polyether (MS), prepolymer ili ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.
1.1Kuchiritsa makina a silicone elastomer sealant
Chithunzi 1. Kuchiritsa makina a silicone sealant
Ma silicone sealants akagwiritsidwa ntchito, prepolymer imakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga kenako imalimba kapena kuphulika pansi pa chothandizira.Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maselo.Makinawa akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Malinga ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timene timatulutsa pochiritsa, silicone sealant imathanso kugawidwa kukhala mtundu wa deacidification, deketoxime mtundu, ndi mtundu wa dealcoholization.Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu iyi ya guluu silikoni akufotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1.
Table 1.Kuyerekeza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu ingapo ya zomatira silikoni.
1.2 Kuchiritsa makina a polyurethane zotanuka sealant
Chigawo chimodzi cha polyurethane sealant (PU) ndi mtundu wa polima wokhala ndi zigawo zobwerezabwereza za urethane (-NHCOO-) mu unyolo waukulu wa molekyulu.Njira yochiritsira ndi yakuti isocyanate imakhudzidwa ndi madzi kupanga carbamate yosakhazikika yapakatikati, yomwe imawola mofulumira kuti ipange CO2 ndi amine, ndiyeno amine imakhudzidwa ndi isocyanate yambiri mu dongosolo, ndipo pamapeto pake imapanga elastomer yokhala ndi maukonde.Njira yake yochiritsira ili motere:
Chithunzi 1.Curing reaction mechanism ya polyurethane sealant
1.3 Kuchiritsa makina a silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Chithunzi 3. Kuchiritsa kachitidwe ka silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Poganizira zolakwika zina za polyurethane sealants, polyurethane posachedwapa yasinthidwa ndi silane kuti ikonzekere zomatira, kupanga mtundu watsopano wa zomatira zomata ndi unyolo waukulu wa mapangidwe a polyurethane ndi gulu lomaliza la alkoxysilane, lotchedwa silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU).Machiritso a mtundu uwu wa sealant ndi ofanana ndi silicone, ndiko kuti, magulu a alkoxy amachitira ndi chinyezi kuti apite ku hydrolysis ndi polycondensation kuti apange mawonekedwe okhazikika a Si-O-Si atatu-dimensional network (Chithunzi 3).Malo olumikizirana maukonde ndi pakati pa malo olumikizirana ndi ma polyurethane flexible segment segment.
1.4 Kuchiritsa makina a silyl-terminated polyether sealants
Silyl-terminated polyether sealant (MS) ndi gawo limodzi lomatira lokhazikika potengera kusintha kwa silane.Zimaphatikiza ubwino wa polyurethane ndi silicone, ndi mbadwo watsopano wa zomatira zosindikizira, zopanda PVC, mafuta a silicone, isocyanate ndi zosungunulira.Zomatira za MS zimachita ndi chinyezi chomwe chili mumlengalenga kutentha kwa firiji, kotero kuti polima yopangidwa ndi silanized ndi -Si(OR) KAPENA -SIR (OR)-yopangidwa ndi hydrolyzed kumapeto kwa unyolo ndikulumikizidwa mu elastomer ndi Si-O- Si network kapangidwe kukwaniritsa kusindikiza ndi kugwirizana zotsatira.The machiritso reaction process ndi motere:
Chithunzi 4. Kuchiza makina a silyl-terminated polyether sealant
2. Kuyerekeza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa wamba single-gawo reactive zotanuka sealants
2.1 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma silicone sealants
⑴Ubwino wa silicone sealant:
① Kukana kwanyengo kwabwino, kukana kwa okosijeni, kukana kwa ozoni ndi kukana kwa ultraviolet;② Kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa kutentha kochepa.
⑵Kuipa kwa silicone sealant:
①Kukongoletsanso kosakwanira ndipo sikungapentidwe;②Kutsika kwamphamvu;③Kusakwanira kukana kwamafuta;④Osagwira nkhonya;⑤Zomatira zimatulutsa mosavuta leachate yamafuta yomwe imawononga konkire, miyala ndi magawo ena otayirira.
2.2 Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Polyurethane Sealants
⑴Ubwino wa polyurethane sealant:
① Kumamatira kwabwino kwa magawo osiyanasiyana;② kusinthasintha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa kutentha;③ Kutanuka kwabwino komanso katundu wabwino kwambiri wochira, oyenera kulumikizana mwamphamvu;④ Mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana mafuta komanso kukana kukalamba kwachilengedwe;⑤ Zosindikizira za polyurethane zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinthu chimodzi zimakhala zopanda zosungunulira ndipo siziipitsidwa ndi gawo lapansi ndi chilengedwe;⑥ Pamwamba pa sealant imatha kupakidwa utoto komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
⑵Kuipa kwa polyurethane sealant:
① Mukachiritsa m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri pa liwiro lachangu, thovu limapangidwa mosavuta, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a sealant;② Mukamangirira ndi kusindikiza zigawo za magawo omwe alibe porous (monga galasi, zitsulo, ndi zina zotero), choyamba chimafunika;③ Osazama Fomula yamtundu imatha kukalamba ndi UV, ndipo kukhazikika kwa guluu kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma CD ndi zinthu zakunja;④ Kukana kutentha ndi kukalamba sikukwanira pang'ono.
2.3 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa silane-modified polyurethane sealants
⑴Ubwino wa silane yosinthidwa polyurethane sealant:
① Kuchiritsa sikutulutsa thovu;② Ali ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukana kwa hydrolysis ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala;③ Kukana kwanyengo kwabwino, kukana kutentha, kukana kukalamba, kukhazikika kwazinthu zosungira;④ Lonse kusinthika kwa magawo, pamene kugwirizana Nthawi zambiri, palibe choyambira chofunika;⑤Pamwamba pake mutha kupakidwa utoto.
⑵Kuipa kwa silane yosinthidwa polyurethane sealant:
① Kukana kwa UV sikwabwino ngati kwa silicone sealant;② Kukana misozi kumakhala koyipa pang'ono kuposa kwa polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma silyl-terminated polyether sealants
⑴Ubwino wa silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Ili ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zomangira magawo ambiri ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa kulumikizana kopanda zoyambira;② Ili ndi kukana kutentha kwabwino komanso kukana kukalamba kwa UV kuposa polyurethane wamba;③ Itha kupakidwa utoto pamwamba pake.
⑵Kuipa kwa silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Kulimbana ndi nyengo sikuli bwino ngati silikoni silikoni, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera pamtunda pambuyo pokalamba;② Kumamatira pagalasi ndikovuta.
Kupyolera m'mawu omwe ali pamwambawa, tili ndi chidziwitso choyambirira cha njira zochiritsira za mitundu ingapo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ya chigawo chimodzi cha reactive elastic sealants, ndipo poyerekezera ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo, tingathe kumvetsa bwino za mankhwala aliwonse.Muzochita zogwiritsidwa ntchito, chosindikiziracho chikhoza kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito gawo la mgwirizano kuti mukwaniritse kusindikiza bwino kapena kugwirizanitsa gawo logwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-15-2023