Zomatira ziwiri za silicone Structural ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zimatha kunyamula katundu wolemera, komanso zimapirira ukalamba, kutopa, ndi dzimbiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika mkati mwa nthawi yomwe ikuyembekezeka. Ndizoyenera zomatira zomwe zimapirira kulumikizana kwa ziwalo za kapangidwe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugwirizanitsa zitsulo, zoumba, mapulasitiki, rabala, matabwa ndi zinthu zina zamtundu womwewo kapena pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, ndipo zimatha kusintha pang'ono njira zolumikizira zachikhalidwe monga kuwotcherera, kuluka ndi kubowola.
Chosindikizira cha silicone structural ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makoma a magalasi obisika kapena obisika pang'ono. Mwa kulumikiza mbale ndi mafelemu achitsulo, chimatha kupirira mphepo ndi katundu wolemera wagalasi, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulimba ndi chitetezo cha nyumba zomangira makoma a nsalu. Chimodzi mwazolumikizira zofunika kwambiri za chitetezo cha makoma a nsalu yagalasi.
Ndi chosindikizira cha kapangidwe kake chokhala ndi polysiloxane yolunjika ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Panthawi yokonza, cholumikizira chimalumikizana ndi polima yoyambira kuti chipange chinthu chotanuka chokhala ndi kapangidwe ka netiweki ya magawo atatu. Chifukwa mphamvu ya bond ya Si-O mu kapangidwe ka molekyulu ya rabara ya silicone ndi yayikulu kwambiri mu zomangira za mankhwala zomwe zimagwirizana (Si-O yeniyeni: kutalika kwa bond 0.164±0.003nm, mphamvu yosiyanitsa kutentha 460.5J/mol. Yokwera kwambiri kuposa C-O358J/mol, C-C304J/mol, Si-C318.2J/mol), poyerekeza ndi zomatira zina (monga polyurethane, acrylic, polysulfide sealant, ndi zina zotero), kukana kwa UV ndi kukana Mphamvu ya ukalamba mumlengalenga ndi yamphamvu, ndipo singasunge ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa zaka 30 m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo. Ili ndi kukana kwa ±50% ku kusintha ndi kusamuka pa kutentha kwakukulu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito silicone structural sealants, mavuto osiyanasiyana adzawonekera pakugwiritsa ntchito, monga: kusonkhana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kupukutidwa kwa gawo B, kulekanitsidwa ndi kugawidwa kwa gawo B, kukanikiza. Mbale singathe kukanikiza pansi kapena guluu kutembenuzidwa, liwiro lotulutsa guluu la makina a guluu ndi lochedwa, guluu wa pepala la gulugufe uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nthawi youma pamwamba ndi yachangu kwambiri kapena yocheperako, guluu limawoneka ngati likutuluka khungu kapena kuphulika, ndipo "guluu wa maluwa" limawonekera panthawi yopanga guluu. ", colloid singathe kuchiritsidwa bwino, manja omata pambuyo pa masiku angapo owuma, kuuma kwake kumakhala kosazolowereka pambuyo powuma, pali ma pores ofanana ndi singano pamwamba pa mgwirizano ndi gawo lapansi, thovu la mpweya limagwidwa mu silicone sealant, kulumikizana kosayenera ndi gawo lapansi, kusagwirizana ndi zowonjezera, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kusanthula kwa Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri kwa guluu wa silikoni wa Kapangidwe Kawiri
2.1 Gawo la B lili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumikizana komanso kuphwanyika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono
Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira ntchito limodzi ndi kupukutidwa kwa gawo B, pali zifukwa ziwiri: choyamba ndi chakuti izi zachitika pamwamba pa chinthucho musanagwiritse ntchito, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutseka bwino kwa phukusi, ndipo cholumikizira cholumikizira kapena cholumikizira mu gawo B ndi chogwira ntchito, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga, gululi liyenera kubwezedwa kwa wopanga. Chachiwiri ndichakuti makinawo amatsekedwa panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kupukutidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kupukutidwa kumachitika makinawo akayatsidwanso, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kutseka pakati pa mbale yokakamiza ya makina a guluu ndi zinthu za rabara sikwabwino, ndipo zida ziyenera kulumikizidwa kuti zithetse vutoli.
2.2 Liwiro la makina omatira ndi lochedwa
Pamene chinthucho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, liwiro lotulutsa guluu la makina omatira limachepa kwambiri panthawi yomatira. Pali zifukwa zitatu zomwe zingatheke: ⑴ gawo A silikuyenda bwino, ⑵ mbale yoti ikanikiza ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo ⑶ kuthamanga kwa mpweya sikokwanira.
Ngati zapezeka kuti ndi chifukwa choyamba kapena chachitatu, tikhoza kuthetsa vutoli mwa kusintha mphamvu ya mfuti ya glue; ngati zapezeka kuti ndi chifukwa chachiwiri, kuyitanitsa mbiya yokhala ndi caliber yofanana kungathetse vutoli. Ngati liwiro la kutulutsa guluu likuchepa panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito bwino, mwina chifukwa chosakaniza ndi chophimba chosefera zatsekedwa. Zikapezeka, zida ziyenera kutsukidwa nthawi yake.
2.3 Nthawi yopuma ndi yachangu kwambiri kapena yochedwa kwambiri
Nthawi yosweka ya guluu womangira imatanthauza nthawi yomwe colloid imatenga kuti isinthe kuchoka pa phala kupita ku thupi losalala pambuyo posakaniza, ndipo nthawi zambiri imayesedwa mphindi 5 zilizonse. Pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zimakhudza kuumitsa ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba pa rabara: (1) mphamvu ya gawo la zigawo za A ndi B, ndi zina zotero; (2) kutentha ndi chinyezi (mphamvu ya kutentha ndiye yaikulu); (3) njira ya chinthucho ndi yolakwika.
Yankho la chifukwa (1) ndikusintha chiŵerengero. Kuonjezera gawo la gawo B kungafupikitse nthawi yothira ndikupangitsa guluu kukhala lolimba komanso losalimba; pomwe kuchepetsa gawo la wothandizira wothira kudzawonjezera nthawi yothira, guluu lidzakhala lofewa, kulimba kudzawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu zidzawonjezeka.
Kawirikawiri, chiŵerengero cha voliyumu cha gawo A:B chikhoza kusinthidwa pakati pa (9 ~ 13:1). Ngati chiŵerengero cha gawo B chili chachikulu, liwiro la reaction lidzakhala lachangu ndipo nthawi yosweka idzakhala yochepa. Ngati reaction ili yachangu kwambiri, nthawi yodula ndi kuyimitsa mfuti idzakhudzidwa. Ngati ili pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, idzakhudza nthawi youma ya colloid. Nthawi yosweka nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa pakati pa mphindi 20 ndi 60. Kagwiridwe ka colloid pambuyo poyeretsa mu chiŵerengero ichi ndi kofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene kutentha kwa kapangidwe kuli kokwera kwambiri kapena kotsika kwambiri, tikhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera chiŵerengero cha gawo B (wothandizira kuchiritsa), kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chosintha nthawi yowuma pamwamba ndi nthawi yochiritsa ya colloid. Ngati pali vuto ndi chinthucho, chinthucho chiyenera kusinthidwa.
2.4 "Guluu wa maluwa" limawonekera mu ndondomeko yomatira
Chingamu cha maluwa chimapangidwa chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kosalingana kwa ma colloid a zigawo za A/B, ndipo chimawoneka ngati mzere woyera wapafupi. Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi: ⑴Paipi ya gawo B la makina a guluu yatsekedwa; ⑵Chosakaniza chosasinthika sichinatsukidwe kwa nthawi yayitali; ⑶Sikelo ndi yotayirira ndipo liwiro lotulutsa guluu ndi losafanana; Itha kuthetsedwa poyeretsa zida; pachifukwa (3), muyenera kuyang'ana chowongolera chofanana ndikupanga zosintha zoyenera.
2.5 Kuchotsa khungu kapena kuwononga khungu la colloid panthawi yopanga guluu
Guluu wa zigawo ziwiri ukauma pang'ono panthawi yosakaniza, guluu wopangidwa ndi mfuti ya guluu udzawoneka ngati ukutuluka kapena wosweka. Ngati palibe vuto lililonse pakutha kwa guluu ndi kutuluka kwake, koma guluuyo akadali wosweka kapena wosweka, mwina zidazo zatsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mfuti ya guluu sinatsukidwe kapena mfutiyo sinatsukidwe bwino, ndipo guluu wosweka kapena wosweka uyenera kutsukidwa. Kapangidwe kake kakatha kutsukidwa.
2.6 Pali thovu la mpweya mu silicone sealant
Kawirikawiri, colloid yokha ilibe thovu la mpweya, ndipo thovu la mpweya lomwe lili mu colloid likhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mpweya panthawi yonyamula kapena yomanga, monga: ⑴Utsi sutsukidwa pamene mbiya ya rabara yasinthidwa; ⑵Zinthuzo zimakanikizidwa pa mbale zitayikidwa pa makina. Sizimakanikizidwa pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichotsedwe bwino. Chifukwa chake, thovu liyenera kuchotsedwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo makina a guluu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kutseka ndikuletsa mpweya kulowa.
2.7 Kusagwira bwino ntchito ya substrate
Sealant si guluu wogwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, kotero sichingatsimikizidwe kuti chimagwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zochizira pamwamba pa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso njira zatsopano, liwiro la mgwirizano ndi mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa zinthu zomatira ndi zinthu zomatira nazonso zimasiyana.
Pali mitundu itatu ya kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa guluu ndi gawo lapansi. Chimodzi ndi kuwonongeka kogwirizana, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yogwirizana > mphamvu yogwirizana; china ndi kuwonongeka kwa guluu, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yogwirizana < mphamvu yogwirizana. Malo owonongeka a malo olumikizirana omwe ali pansi pa kapena ofanana ndi 20% ndi oyenerera, ndipo malo owonongeka a guluu opitilira 20% ndi osayenerera; malo owonongeka a guluu opitilira 20% ndi chinthu chosafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zotsatirazi zomwe guluu womangidwawo sumamatirira ku gawo lapansi:
⑴ Chomeracho chimakhala chovuta kuchigwirizanitsa, monga PP ndi PE. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu awo komanso kupsinjika kochepa pamwamba, sangathe kupanga kufalikira kwa unyolo wa mamolekyulu ndi kusakanikirana ndi zinthu zambiri, kotero sangathe kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu pamalo olumikizirana. Kugwirizana;
⑵ Kugwirizana kwa chinthucho ndi kochepa, ndipo chimagwira ntchito pa zinthu zina zokha;
⑶ nthawi yokonza sikokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, guluu wa zigawo ziwiri uyenera kutsukidwa kwa masiku osachepera atatu, pomwe guluu wa gawo limodzi uyenera kutsukidwa kwa masiku 7. Ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi cha malo otsukidwa ndi otsika, nthawi yotsukidwa iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
⑷ Chiŵerengero cha zigawo A ndi B n'cholakwika. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu ziwiri, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kutsatira mosamala chiŵerengero chomwe wopanga amafunikira kuti asinthe chiŵerengero cha guluu woyambira ndi chothandizira kuchiritsa, apo ayi mavuto angachitike pachiyambi cha kuchiritsa, kapena mtsogolo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito pankhani yomatira, kukana nyengo komanso kulimba. Funso;
⑸ Kulephera kuyeretsa gawo lapansi monga momwe kungafunikire. Popeza fumbi, dothi ndi zinthu zosafunika pamwamba pa gawo lapansi zidzalepheretsa kugwirizana, ziyenera kutsukidwa mosamala musanagwiritse ntchito kuti guluu ndi gawo lapansi zikhale zogwirizana bwino.
⑹ Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito primer ngati pakufunika. Primer imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza pamwamba pa aluminiyamu, zomwe zingathandize kukana madzi ndi kulimba kwa bond pomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yolumikizirana. Chifukwa chake, mu ntchito zenizeni zaukadaulo, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito primer molondola ndikupewa kuchotsa gum chifukwa cha njira zosayenera zogwiritsira ntchito.
2.8 Kusagwirizana ndi zowonjezera
Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi zowonjezera ndichakuti chosindikizira chimakhala ndi mphamvu ya thupi kapena ya mankhwala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zakhudzana nazo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa monga kusintha mtundu wa guluu, kusamamatira ku gawo lapansi, kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a guluu, komanso kufupikitsa nthawi ya guluu.
3. Mapeto
Guluu wa silicone uli ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukhazikika kwambiri, kukana kukalamba bwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga makoma a nsalu. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zenizeni, chifukwa cha zinthu za anthu komanso mavuto a zinthu zoyambira zomwe zasankhidwa (mafotokozedwe a zomangamanga sangatsatidwe bwino), magwiridwe antchito a guluu wa kapangidwe kake amakhudzidwa kwambiri, komanso amapangidwa kukhala osagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mayeso ogwirizana ndi mayeso a galasi, aluminiyamu ndi zowonjezera ayenera kufufuzidwa musanamange, ndipo zofunikira za ulalo uliwonse ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamala panthawi yomanga, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za guluu wa kapangidwe kake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yabwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-30-2022